The formula to calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z) using Slater's Rule is:
\[ Z = Z - S \]
Where:
Slater's Rule is a set of rules used in quantum chemistry to estimate the effective nuclear charge (the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom) on an electron. Developed by John C. Slater, these rules provide a method to account for the shielding effect, where the repulsion between electrons in an atom reduces the effective nuclear charge. The rules assign a shielding constant to each electron, which is then used to calculate the effective nuclear charge, helping to predict atomic properties such as ionization energy and atomic radii.
For example, if the atomic number (Z) is 11 and the shielding constant (S) is 3.85, the effective nuclear charge (Z) can be calculated as follows:
\[ Z = 11 - 3.85 = 7.15 \]
So, the effective nuclear charge for an atom with an atomic number of 11 and a shielding constant of 3.85 is 7.15.
