The formula to calculate the concentration of one component is:
\[ R = \frac{C1}{C2} \]
Where:
Let's say the component ratio is 2, the concentration of component 1 is 4, and the concentration of component 2 is 2. Using the formula:
\[ R = \frac{4}{2} \]
We get:
\[ R = 2 \]
So, the component ratio (\( R \)) is 2.
Definition: The buffer ratio is the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate base to the concentration of the weak acid in a buffer solution.
Formula: \( \text{Buffer Ratio} = 10^{(\text{pH} - \text{pKa})} \)
Example: \( \text{Buffer Ratio} = 10^{(7.4 - 6.8)} \)
Definition: Calculating a buffer solution involves determining the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base to achieve a desired pH.
Formula: \( \text{pH} = \text{pKa} + \log \left( \frac{[\text{A}^-]}{[\text{HA}]} \right) \)
Example: \( \text{pH} = 4.75 + \log \left( \frac{0.1}{0.2} \right) \)
Definition: Buffer capacity is a measure of the efficiency of a buffer in resisting changes in pH upon the addition of an acid or base.
Formula: \( \beta = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta \text{pH}} \)
Example: \( \beta = \frac{0.01}{0.2} \)
Definition: The formula of buffer capacity quantifies the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH.
Formula: \( \beta = 2.303 \left( \frac{C_a K_a [\text{HA}]}{(K_a + [\text{H}^+])^2} \right) \)
Example: \( \beta = 2.303 \left( \frac{0.1 \times 1.8 \times 10^{-5} \times 0.1}{(1.8 \times 10^{-5} + 1 \times 10^{-7})^2} \right) \)
